Différences entre versions de « Francis Galton »
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*'''Francis Galton and Fingerprints''' | *'''Francis Galton and Fingerprints''' | ||
Although Galton was not the first to propose the use of fingerprints for identification (Sir William Herschel had used them in India for this purpose) he was the first to place their study on a scientific basis and so lay the groundwork for their use in criminal cases. He was able to collect a large sample of prints through his Anthropological laboratories, eventually amassing over 8,000 sets. His study of minutiae in prints provided the foundation for meaningful comparison of different prints, and he was able to construct a statistical proof of the uniqueness, by minutiae, of individual prints. | Although Galton was not the first to propose the use of fingerprints for identification (Sir William Herschel had used them in India for this purpose) he was the first to place their study on a scientific basis and so lay the groundwork for their use in criminal cases. He was able to collect a large sample of prints through his Anthropological laboratories, eventually amassing over 8,000 sets. His study of minutiae in prints provided the foundation for meaningful comparison of different prints, and he was able to construct a statistical proof of the uniqueness, by minutiae, of individual prints. | ||
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Galton also provided the first workable fingerprint classification system, which was later adapted by E. R. Henry for practical use in police forces and other bureaucratic settings. Most of all, Galton's extensive popular advocacy of the use of prints helped to convince a skeptical public that they could be used reliably for identification. | Galton also provided the first workable fingerprint classification system, which was later adapted by E. R. Henry for practical use in police forces and other bureaucratic settings. Most of all, Galton's extensive popular advocacy of the use of prints helped to convince a skeptical public that they could be used reliably for identification. | ||
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For the popular controversy over the role of Henry Faulds in the discovery of fingerprinting, see the following review of the evidence. Not also that the major works on fingerprinting by E. R. Henry, William Herschel and Henry Faulds are now available here in full-text facsimile form. | For the popular controversy over the role of Henry Faulds in the discovery of fingerprinting, see the following review of the evidence. Not also that the major works on fingerprinting by E. R. Henry, William Herschel and Henry Faulds are now available here in full-text facsimile form. | ||
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Galton published two major works about fingerprints. The cover of the first, Finger Prints, contained a full set of his own prints He also published an important booklet on decipherment of blurred fingerprints: | Galton published two major works about fingerprints. The cover of the first, Finger Prints, contained a full set of his own prints He also published an important booklet on decipherment of blurred fingerprints: | ||
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1892 Finger Prints. Macmillan , London | 1892 Finger Prints. Macmillan , London | ||
1893 Decipherment of Blurred Finger Prints. Macmillan , London | 1893 Decipherment of Blurred Finger Prints. Macmillan , London | ||
1894 Physical Index to 100 Persons Based on their Measures and Finger Prints Privately printed | 1894 Physical Index to 100 Persons Based on their Measures and Finger Prints Privately printed | ||
1895 Finger Print Directories. Macmillan , London | 1895 Finger Print Directories. Macmillan , London | ||
| − | Galton also published a great number of scholarly papers, popular articles, letters and interviews on the subject of fingerprints. This was important groundwork, and prepared the way for the positive findings of the Parliamentary committee of 1894, which soon led to the acceptance of fingerprint testimony in the courts, to identify recidivists, and later to their forensic use. | + | Galton also published a great number of scholarly papers, popular articles, letters and interviews on the subject of fingerprints. This was |
| − | + | important groundwork, and prepared the way for the positive findings of the Parliamentary committee of 1894, which soon led to the acceptance | |
| + | of fingerprint testimony in the courts, to identify recidivists, and later to their forensic use. | ||
1888 'Personal identification and description.' Nature 38 : 173-7, 201-2 | 1888 'Personal identification and description.' Nature 38 : 173-7, 201-2 | ||
1888 'Personal identification and description.' (revised version) Proceedings of the Royal Institution 12 : 346-60 | 1888 'Personal identification and description.' (revised version) Proceedings of the Royal Institution 12 : 346-60 | ||
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1891 'The patterns in thumb and finger marks.' Journal of the Anthropological Institute 20 : 360-1 | 1891 'The patterns in thumb and finger marks.' Journal of the Anthropological Institute 20 : 360-1 | ||
1892 'Imprints of the Hand, by Dr. Forgeot (exhibited by Francis Galton' Journal of the Anthropological Institute 21 : 282-283 | 1892 'Imprints of the Hand, by Dr. Forgeot (exhibited by Francis Galton' Journal of the Anthropological Institute 21 : 282-283 | ||
| − | 1892 'Finger prints and their registration as a means of personal identification.' Transactions of the Seventh International Congress of Hygiene and Demography 10 : 301-3 | + | 1892 'Finger prints and their registration as a means of personal identification.' Transactions of the Seventh International |
| + | Congress of Hygiene and Demography 10 : 301-3 | ||
1893 'Identification.' [Letter] Nature 48 : 222 | 1893 'Identification.' [Letter] Nature 48 : 222 | ||
1893 'Finger prints in the Indian Army.' Nature 48 : 595 | 1893 'Finger prints in the Indian Army.' Nature 48 : 595 | ||
| − | 1893 'Recent introduction into the Indian Army of the method of finger-prints for the identification of recruits.' Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science : 902 | + | 1893 'Recent introduction into the Indian Army of the method of finger-prints for the identification of recruits.' Report of the |
| + | British Association for the Advancement of Science : 902 | ||
1893 'Enlarged finger prints.' Photographic Work (February 10) | 1893 'Enlarged finger prints.' Photographic Work (February 10) | ||
1893 'Identification.' [Letter] Times, The (July 7) : 4e | 1893 'Identification.' [Letter] Times, The (July 7) : 4e | ||
1893 'Payments through telegram by P.O. Savings books.' [Letter] Times, The (December 27) : 7e | 1893 'Payments through telegram by P.O. Savings books.' [Letter] Times, The (December 27) : 7e | ||
1895 'The wonders of a finger print.' Sketch (November 20) | 1895 'The wonders of a finger print.' Sketch (November 20) | ||
| − | 1896 'Les empreintes digitales' Comptes-rendus du IVe Congres International d'Anthropologie Criminelle. Sessions de Geneve : 35-8 | + | 1896 'Les empreintes digitales' Comptes-rendus du IVe Congres International d'Anthropologie Criminelle. Sessions de Geneve :35-8 |
1896 'Prints of scars.' [Letter] Nature 53 : 295 | 1896 'Prints of scars.' [Letter] Nature 53 : 295 | ||
1896 Prints of Scars. Scientific American 74 (March 14) : 168 | 1896 Prints of Scars. Scientific American 74 (March 14) : 168 | ||
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- Francis Galton and Fingerprints
Although Galton was not the first to propose the use of fingerprints for identification (Sir William Herschel had used them in India for this purpose) he was the first to place their study on a scientific basis and so lay the groundwork for their use in criminal cases. He was able to collect a large sample of prints through his Anthropological laboratories, eventually amassing over 8,000 sets. His study of minutiae in prints provided the foundation for meaningful comparison of different prints, and he was able to construct a statistical proof of the uniqueness, by minutiae, of individual prints. Galton also provided the first workable fingerprint classification system, which was later adapted by E. R. Henry for practical use in police forces and other bureaucratic settings. Most of all, Galton's extensive popular advocacy of the use of prints helped to convince a skeptical public that they could be used reliably for identification. For the popular controversy over the role of Henry Faulds in the discovery of fingerprinting, see the following review of the evidence. Not also that the major works on fingerprinting by E. R. Henry, William Herschel and Henry Faulds are now available here in full-text facsimile form. Galton published two major works about fingerprints. The cover of the first, Finger Prints, contained a full set of his own prints He also published an important booklet on decipherment of blurred fingerprints: 1892 Finger Prints. Macmillan , London 1893 Decipherment of Blurred Finger Prints. Macmillan , London
1894 Physical Index to 100 Persons Based on their Measures and Finger Prints Privately printed
1895 Finger Print Directories. Macmillan , London
Galton also published a great number of scholarly papers, popular articles, letters and interviews on the subject of fingerprints. This was important groundwork, and prepared the way for the positive findings of the Parliamentary committee of 1894, which soon led to the acceptance of fingerprint testimony in the courts, to identify recidivists, and later to their forensic use.
1888 'Personal identification and description.' Nature 38 : 173-7, 201-2 1888 'Personal identification and description.' (revised version) Proceedings of the Royal Institution 12 : 346-60 1889 'Personal identification and description.' Journal of the Anthropological Institute 18 : 177-91 1900 'Identification offices in India and Egypt.' Nineteenth Century 48 : 118-26 1910 'Numeralised profiles for classification and recognition.' Nature 83 : 127-30 1888 Personal Identification Scientific American Supplement 26 (659, August 18) : 10532-3 1888 Personal Identification. Times, The (May 26) : 13c 1890 'The patterns in thumb and finger marks.' Nature 43 : 117-8 1890 'The patterns in thumb and finger marks.' Proceedings of the Royal Society 48 (November 27) : 455-7 1891 Identification by finger tips. Nineteenth Century 30 (August) : 303-11
1891 'Methods of indexing finger-marks.' Nature 44 : 141
1891 'The patterns in thumb and finger marks.' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B 182 : 1-23 1891 'The patterns in thumb and finger marks.' Journal of the Anthropological Institute 20 : 360-1 1892 'Imprints of the Hand, by Dr. Forgeot (exhibited by Francis Galton' Journal of the Anthropological Institute 21 : 282-283 1892 'Finger prints and their registration as a means of personal identification.' Transactions of the Seventh International
Congress of Hygiene and Demography 10 : 301-3
1893 'Identification.' [Letter] Nature 48 : 222 1893 'Finger prints in the Indian Army.' Nature 48 : 595 1893 'Recent introduction into the Indian Army of the method of finger-prints for the identification of recruits.' Report of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science : 902
1893 'Enlarged finger prints.' Photographic Work (February 10) 1893 'Identification.' [Letter] Times, The (July 7) : 4e 1893 'Payments through telegram by P.O. Savings books.' [Letter] Times, The (December 27) : 7e 1895 'The wonders of a finger print.' Sketch (November 20)
1896 'Les empreintes digitales' Comptes-rendus du IVe Congres International d'Anthropologie Criminelle. Sessions de Geneve :35-8
1896 'Prints of scars.' [Letter] Nature 53 : 295 1896 Prints of Scars. Scientific American 74 (March 14) : 168 1899 'Finger prints of young children.' Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 69 : 868-9 1902 'Finger print evidence.' Nature 66 : 606 1905 [Review of] Guide to Finger Print Identification, Henry Faulds Nature 72 : iv-v Supplement 1909 Identification by finger prints. [Letter] Times, The (January 13) }}
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Pour citer cette page: (Galton)
ABROUGUI, M & al, 2018. Francis Galton. In Didaquest [en ligne]. <http:www.didaquest.org/wiki/Francis_Galton>, consulté le 24, novembre, 2024
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