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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] (Français)  
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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] (Anglais)
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/ [[Concept en Anglais]]  (Anglais)  
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/ [[Technologie de la chaîne de blocs]]  (Français)  
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/ [[Concept en Arabe]] (Arabe)
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/ [[تقنية Blockchain]] (Arabe)
 +
 
 +
/ [[Tecnología de cadena de bloques]]  (Espagnol)
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/ [[Tecnologia Blockchain]] (Italian)
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/ [[Blockchain-Technologie]] (German)
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 +
/ [[ブロックチェーンテクノロジー]] (Japonnais)
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/ [[区块链技术]] (Chinois)
  
 
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*System
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* Blockchain
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A collection of interacting/interrelated entities structured as a whole
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# Organized for a common purpose
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# Entities may include
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• Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers of cryptographically signed transactions that are grouped into “blocks”
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# Human
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−
# Machines
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• Each block is “cryptographically” linked to the previous one after validation and undergoing a “consensus” decision
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# Procedures for different functions
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−
# Interfaces to the environment (input/output)
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• As new blocks are added, older blocks become more difficult to modify
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# A system stays in some “state” at any given time
+
 
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# Off duty. Under maintenance/update
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• New blocks are replicated across all copies of the ledger within the network, and any conflicts are resolved automatically using established rules
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# Operational (hopefully correctly as designed)
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 +
 
  
  
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 +
 +
* First Blockchain
 +
 +
• Bitcoin is the world’s premier blockchain
 +
 +
• Launched in 2009 by an anonymous person (or a group of persons) known by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto
 +
 +
• Suspiciously around the time of the Subprime crisis
 +
 +
• First successful peer-to-peer electronic cash system
 +
 +
• Bitcoin illustrates how we use blockchain to maintain a history of valid transactions that are tamper-resistant, without any effort from central authority
 +
 +
 
*Centralized Systems
 
*Centralized Systems
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# Homogeneous
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−
# Easier to design, operate, and maintain
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• Homogeneous
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# Single point of control & authority
+
 
−
# Multiple users share same set of resources
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•Easier to design, operate, and maintain
−
# Single point of failure (- Honest, - Malicious)
+
 
 +
• Single point of control & authority
 +
 
 +
• Multiple users share same set of resources
 +
 
 +
• Single point of failure (- Honest, - Malicious)
 +
 
 +
 
 
* Distributed Systems
 
* Distributed Systems
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# A group of independent systems (nodes) working together for a purpose
+
 
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# Connected & communicate to each other via a network
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• A group of independent systems (nodes) working together for a purpose
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# Each operates concurrently
+
 
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# Can continue correct operations even if some nodes fail
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• Connected & communicate to each other via a network
 +
 
 +
• Each operates concurrently
 +
 
 +
• Can continue correct operations even if some nodes fail
 
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{{@}} [https://cmapscloud.ihmc.us/viewer/cmap/1Y37YT7YG-1RMVNLT-9KHFFT Carte conceptuelle sur la Blockchain]
 
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• Performance
 
• Performance
 +
 
• Scalability
 
• Scalability
 +
 
• Redundancy (for fault-tolerance)
 
• Redundancy (for fault-tolerance)
 +
 
• How to ensure consistency among nodes of a distributed system?
 
• How to ensure consistency among nodes of a distributed system?
 +
 
• Even if some aren’t reliable nor honest?
 
• Even if some aren’t reliable nor honest?
 +
 
• Trust without trust?
 
• Trust without trust?
 +
 
• Requires a way to reach “consensus”
 
• Requires a way to reach “consensus”
 +
 +
 
*Example: Database Systems
 
*Example: Database Systems
 +
 
• For a centralized database system, one central entity handles all requests and data processing
 
• For a centralized database system, one central entity handles all requests and data processing
 +
 
• Data updates simple and quick
 
• Data updates simple and quick
 +
 
• Cheaper to manage and maintain
 
• Cheaper to manage and maintain
 +
 
• Performance bottleneck under high concurrent requests
 
• Performance bottleneck under high concurrent requests
 +
 
• Single point of failure
 
• Single point of failure
 +
 +
 +
* Distributed Database System
 +
 +
• A group of databases cooperating together to provide single data view to users
 +
 +
• Fault-tolerant
 +
 +
• Handle more concurrent load
 +
 +
• Requires “trust” among nodes (• Not a problem if owned by a single enterprise, • For nodes not fully trusting each other, a
 +
“consensus” protocol is required to keep a consistent view of data)
 +
 +
 +
* Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
 +
 +
• A type of distributed database system
 +
 +
• Immutable, append-only database of transactions (for example, exchanges of
 +
assets or data)
 +
 +
• Ledgers are replicated, synchronized and shared across all nodes in the
 +
distributed, peer-to-peer network
 +
 +
• Nodes reach consensus on transaction updates to its own copy of ledger, thus
 +
maintaining consistent ledger state
 +
 +
• Via consensus protocol, this is achievable without central authority or trusted 3rd
 +
party mediator
 +
 +
 +
 +
 
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* Confusion entre [[....... - ........]]
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* Confusion entre [[blockchain - bitcoin]]
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* Confusion entre [[....... - ........]]
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* Confusion entre [[public key - private key]]
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* Erreur fréquente: ....................
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* Confusion entre [[Cryptographic hash - cryptography]]
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* Erreur fréquente: blockchain is a database
  
 
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* [[..................]]?
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* [[How to ensure consistency among nodes of a distributed system]]?
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* [[..................]]?
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* [[How to achieve consensus among blockchain network participants in order to maintain ledger correctness and authenticity]]?
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* [[..................]]?
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* [[Blockchain = Bitcoin]]?
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* [[What is Ethereum]]?
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* [[What is Cryptoeconomics]]?
  
 
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* ..................                                                  
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* Overview of everything                                                  
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:* .................
+
:* Centralized and distributed systems
−
* ..................                                                  
+
:* Bitcoin: a distributed ledger of payments in crypto-currency
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:* .................                                               
+
::*Identity
 +
::*Transaction
 +
::*Distributed Ledger in Bitcoin Network
 +
::*Trustless Consensus
 +
:* Blockchain 2.0 : Beyond cryptocurrencies
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::* Adapting blockchain technologies for the real world
 +
::* Enterprise blockchain platforms
 +
::* Selected applications
 +
::* Limitations
 +
* Bitcoin Mechanics                                               
 +
:* BTC: Notable history                                                  
 +
:* BTC: Identity 
 +
:* BTC: Distributed Ledger - Blockchain 
 +
:* BTC transactions
 +
:* BTC wallets
 +
:* Mining mechanism and incentives, mining pool strategies
 +
:* Possible attacks on the Bitcoin network
 +
:* Try sending/receiving (fake) BTC on the testnet
  
 
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== {{Widget:Aides et astuces-Fiche}} ==
 
== {{Widget:Aides et astuces-Fiche}} ==

Version actuelle datée du 3 juin 2022 à 11:49


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Définition écrite

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  • Blockchain


• Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers of cryptographically signed transactions that are grouped into “blocks”

• Each block is “cryptographically” linked to the previous one after validation and undergoing a “consensus” decision

• As new blocks are added, older blocks become more difficult to modify

• New blocks are replicated across all copies of the ledger within the network, and any conflicts are resolved automatically using established rules

(+)


  • First Blockchain

• Bitcoin is the world’s premier blockchain

• Launched in 2009 by an anonymous person (or a group of persons) known by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto

• Suspiciously around the time of the Subprime crisis

• First successful peer-to-peer electronic cash system

• Bitcoin illustrates how we use blockchain to maintain a history of valid transactions that are tamper-resistant, without any effort from central authority


  • Centralized Systems

• Homogeneous

•Easier to design, operate, and maintain

• Single point of control & authority

• Multiple users share same set of resources

• Single point of failure (- Honest, - Malicious)


  • Distributed Systems

• A group of independent systems (nodes) working together for a purpose

• Connected & communicate to each other via a network

• Each operates concurrently

• Can continue correct operations even if some nodes fail


More-didaquest.png Blockchain Technology - Historique (+)


Définition graphique


Blue-circle-target.png Carte conceptuelle sur la Blockchain



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  • Blockchain Technology

  • Blockchain Technology

  • Blockchain Technology


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{{{AutresMedias}}}


Puce-didaquest.png Concepts ou notions associés


More-didaquest.png Blockchain Technology - Glossaire / (+)



Puce-didaquest.png Exemples, applications, utilisations

  • Benefits and Challenges

• Performance

• Scalability

• Redundancy (for fault-tolerance)

• How to ensure consistency among nodes of a distributed system?

• Even if some aren’t reliable nor honest?

• Trust without trust?

• Requires a way to reach “consensus”


  • Example: Database Systems

• For a centralized database system, one central entity handles all requests and data processing

• Data updates simple and quick

• Cheaper to manage and maintain

• Performance bottleneck under high concurrent requests

• Single point of failure


  • Distributed Database System

• A group of databases cooperating together to provide single data view to users

• Fault-tolerant

• Handle more concurrent load

• Requires “trust” among nodes (• Not a problem if owned by a single enterprise, • For nodes not fully trusting each other, a “consensus” protocol is required to keep a consistent view of data)


  • Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)

• A type of distributed database system

• Immutable, append-only database of transactions (for example, exchanges of assets or data)

• Ledgers are replicated, synchronized and shared across all nodes in the distributed, peer-to-peer network

• Nodes reach consensus on transaction updates to its own copy of ledger, thus maintaining consistent ledger state

• Via consensus protocol, this is achievable without central authority or trusted 3rd party mediator


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Idées ou Réflexions liées à son enseignement

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  • Overview of everything
  • Centralized and distributed systems
  • Bitcoin: a distributed ledger of payments in crypto-currency
  • Identity
  • Transaction
  • Distributed Ledger in Bitcoin Network
  • Trustless Consensus
  • Blockchain 2.0 : Beyond cryptocurrencies
  • Adapting blockchain technologies for the real world
  • Enterprise blockchain platforms
  • Selected applications
  • Limitations
  • Bitcoin Mechanics
  • BTC: Notable history
  • BTC: Identity
  • BTC: Distributed Ledger - Blockchain
  • BTC transactions
  • BTC wallets
  • Mining mechanism and incentives, mining pool strategies
  • Possible attacks on the Bitcoin network
  • Try sending/receiving (fake) BTC on the testnet

(+)



Aides et astuces

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Education: Autres liens, sites ou portails

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Pour citer cette page: (Technology) 

ABROUGUI, M & al, 2022. Blockchain Technology. In Didaquest [en ligne]. <http:www.didaquest.org/wiki/Blockchain_Technology>, consulté le 24, novembre, 2024
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