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• Requires a way to reach “consensus”
 
• Requires a way to reach “consensus”
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*Example: Database Systems
 
*Example: Database Systems
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• Single point of failure
 
• Single point of failure
 +
 +
 +
* Distributed Database System
 +
 +
• A group of databases cooperating together to provide single data view to users
 +
 +
• Fault-tolerant
 +
 +
• Handle more concurrent load
 +
 +
• Requires “trust” among nodes (• Not a problem if owned by a single enterprise, • For nodes not fully trusting each other, a
 +
“consensus” protocol is required to keep a consistent view of data)
 +
 +
* Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
 +
 +
• A type of distributed database system
 +
 +
• Immutable, append-only database of transactions (for example, exchanges of
 +
assets or data)
 +
 +
• Ledgers are replicated, synchronized and shared across all nodes in the
 +
distributed, peer-to-peer network
 +
 +
• Nodes reach consensus on transaction updates to its own copy of ledger, thus
 +
maintaining consistent ledger state
 +
 +
• Via consensus protocol, this is achievable without central authority or trusted 3rd
 +
party mediator
 +
 +
* Blockchain
 +
 +
• Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers of cryptographically signed transactions that are grouped into “blocks”
 +
 +
• Each block is “cryptographically” linked to the previous one after validation and undergoing a “consensus” decision
 +
 +
• As new blocks are added, older blocks become more difficult to modify
 +
 +
• New blocks are replicated across all copies of the ledger within the network, and any conflicts are resolved automatically using established rules
 +
 +
* First Blockchain
 +
 +
• Bitcoin is the world’s premier blockchain
 +
 +
• Launched in 2009 by an anonymous person (or a group of persons) known by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto
 +
 +
• Suspiciously around the time of the Subprime crisis
 +
 +
• First successful peer-to-peer electronic cash system
 +
 +
• Bitcoin illustrates how we use blockchain to maintain a history of valid transactions that are tamper-resistant, without any effort from central authority
  
 
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Version du 26 mai 2022 à 19:41


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Blockchain Technology (Français) / Concept en Anglais (Anglais) / Concept en Arabe (Arabe)

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More-didaquest.png Traductions


Puce-didaquest.png Définition

Domaine, Discipline, Thématique


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Définition écrite

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  • System

A collection of interacting/interrelated entities structured as a whole

  1. Organized for a common purpose
  2. Entities may include
  3. Human
  4. Machines
  5. Procedures for different functions
  6. Interfaces to the environment (input/output)
  7. A system stays in some “state” at any given time
  8. Off duty. Under maintenance/update
  9. Operational (hopefully correctly as designed)


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  • Centralized Systems
  1. Homogeneous
  2. Easier to design, operate, and maintain
  3. Single point of control & authority
  4. Multiple users share same set of resources
  5. Single point of failure (- Honest, - Malicious)
  • Distributed Systems
  1. A group of independent systems (nodes) working together for a purpose
  2. Connected & communicate to each other via a network
  3. Each operates concurrently
  4. Can continue correct operations even if some nodes fail

More-didaquest.png Blockchain Technology - Historique (+)


Définition graphique

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  • Blockchain Technology

  • Blockchain Technology

  • Blockchain Technology


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Puce-didaquest.png Concepts ou notions associés


More-didaquest.png Blockchain Technology - Glossaire / (+)



Puce-didaquest.png Exemples, applications, utilisations

  • Benefits and Challenges

• Performance

• Scalability

• Redundancy (for fault-tolerance)

• How to ensure consistency among nodes of a distributed system?

• Even if some aren’t reliable nor honest?

• Trust without trust?

• Requires a way to reach “consensus”


  • Example: Database Systems

• For a centralized database system, one central entity handles all requests and data processing

• Data updates simple and quick

• Cheaper to manage and maintain

• Performance bottleneck under high concurrent requests

• Single point of failure


  • Distributed Database System

• A group of databases cooperating together to provide single data view to users

• Fault-tolerant

• Handle more concurrent load

• Requires “trust” among nodes (• Not a problem if owned by a single enterprise, • For nodes not fully trusting each other, a “consensus” protocol is required to keep a consistent view of data)

  • Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)

• A type of distributed database system

• Immutable, append-only database of transactions (for example, exchanges of assets or data)

• Ledgers are replicated, synchronized and shared across all nodes in the distributed, peer-to-peer network

• Nodes reach consensus on transaction updates to its own copy of ledger, thus maintaining consistent ledger state

• Via consensus protocol, this is achievable without central authority or trusted 3rd party mediator

  • Blockchain

• Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers of cryptographically signed transactions that are grouped into “blocks”

• Each block is “cryptographically” linked to the previous one after validation and undergoing a “consensus” decision

• As new blocks are added, older blocks become more difficult to modify

• New blocks are replicated across all copies of the ledger within the network, and any conflicts are resolved automatically using established rules

  • First Blockchain

• Bitcoin is the world’s premier blockchain

• Launched in 2009 by an anonymous person (or a group of persons) known by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto

• Suspiciously around the time of the Subprime crisis

• First successful peer-to-peer electronic cash system

• Bitcoin illustrates how we use blockchain to maintain a history of valid transactions that are tamper-resistant, without any effort from central authority


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Pour citer cette page: (Technology) 

ABROUGUI, M & al, 2022. Blockchain Technology. In Didaquest [en ligne]. <http:www.didaquest.org/wiki/Blockchain_Technology>, consulté le 21, novembre, 2024
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