Blockchain Technology

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Blockchain Technology (Français) / Concept en Anglais (Anglais) / Concept en Arabe (Arabe)

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Définition

Domaine, Discipline, Thématique

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Blockchain Technology / Centralized Systems / Distributed Systems / Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) / Distributed Ledger in Bitcoin Network / Bitcoin / Ethereum / Non-Public Blockchains / Big Consortia /

Justification

Définition écrite

• Blockchain

• Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers of cryptographically signed transactions that are grouped into “blocks”

• Each block is “cryptographically” linked to the previous one after validation and undergoing a “consensus” decision

• As new blocks are added, older blocks become more difficult to modify

• New blocks are replicated across all copies of the ledger within the network, and any conflicts are resolved automatically using established rules

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First Blockchain • Bitcoin is the world’s premier blockchain • Launched in 2009 by an anonymous person (or a group of persons) known by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto • Suspiciously around the time of the Subprime crisis • First successful peer-to-peer electronic cash system • Bitcoin illustrates how we use blockchain to maintain a history of valid transactions that are tamper-resistant, without any effort from central authority Centralized Systems • Homogeneous •Easier to design, operate, and maintain • Single point of control & authority • Multiple users share same set of resources • Single point of failure (- Honest, - Malicious) Distributed Systems • A group of independent systems (nodes) working together for a purpose • Connected & communicate to each other via a network • Each operates concurrently • Can continue correct operations even if some nodes fail

Blockchain Technology - Historique (+)

Définition graphique

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Concepts ou notions associés

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Blockchain Technology / Bitcoin Mechanics / Ethereum / PoW vs PoS consensus / consensus models / Enterprise Blockchain / Blockchain Scaling / Stablecoins /

Blockchain Technology - Glossaire / (+)

Exemples, applications, utilisations

Benefits and Challenges • Performance • Scalability • Redundancy (for fault-tolerance) • How to ensure consistency among nodes of a distributed system? • Even if some aren’t reliable nor honest? • Trust without trust? • Requires a way to reach “consensus” Example: Database Systems • For a centralized database system, one central entity handles all requests and data processing • Data updates simple and quick • Cheaper to manage and maintain • Performance bottleneck under high concurrent requests • Single point of failure Distributed Database System • A group of databases cooperating together to provide single data view to users • Fault-tolerant • Handle more concurrent load • Requires “trust” among nodes (• Not a problem if owned by a single enterprise, • For nodes not fully trusting each other, a “consensus” protocol is required to keep a consistent view of data) Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) • A type of distributed database system • Immutable, append-only database of transactions (for example, exchanges of assets or data) • Ledgers are replicated, synchronized and shared across all nodes in the distributed, peer-to-peer network • Nodes reach consensus on transaction updates to its own copy of ledger, thus maintaining consistent ledger state • Via consensus protocol, this is achievable without central authority or trusted 3rd party mediator (+)

Erreurs ou confusions éventuelles

• Confusion entre blockchain - bitcoin
• Confusion entre public key - private key
• Confusion entre Cryptographic hash - cryptography
• Erreur fréquente: blockchain is only crypto money

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Bibliographie

Pour citer cette page: (Technology)

ABROUGUI, M & al, 2022. Blockchain Technology. In Didaquest [en ligne]. <http:www.didaquest.org/wiki/Blockchain_Technology>, consulté le 21, novembre, 2024

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