Blockchain Technology

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Blockchain Technology (Anglais) / Technologie de la chaîne de blocs (Français) / تقنية Blockchain (Arabe)

/ Tecnología de cadena de bloques (Espagnol) / Tecnologia Blockchain (Italian) / Blockchain-Technologie (German)

/ ブロックチェーンテクノロジー (Japonnais) / 区块链技术 (Chinois)

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Traductions

Définition

Domaine, Discipline, Thématique

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Blockchain Technology / Centralized Systems / Distributed Systems / Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) / Distributed Ledger in Bitcoin Network / Bitcoin / Ethereum / Non-Public Blockchains / Big Consortia /

Justification

Définition écrite

• Blockchain

• Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers of cryptographically signed transactions that are grouped into “blocks”

• Each block is “cryptographically” linked to the previous one after validation and undergoing a “consensus” decision

• As new blocks are added, older blocks become more difficult to modify

• New blocks are replicated across all copies of the ledger within the network, and any conflicts are resolved automatically using established rules

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First Blockchain • Bitcoin is the world’s premier blockchain • Launched in 2009 by an anonymous person (or a group of persons) known by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto • Suspiciously around the time of the Subprime crisis • First successful peer-to-peer electronic cash system • Bitcoin illustrates how we use blockchain to maintain a history of valid transactions that are tamper-resistant, without any effort from central authority Centralized Systems • Homogeneous •Easier to design, operate, and maintain • Single point of control & authority • Multiple users share same set of resources • Single point of failure (- Honest, - Malicious) Distributed Systems • A group of independent systems (nodes) working together for a purpose • Connected & communicate to each other via a network • Each operates concurrently • Can continue correct operations even if some nodes fail

Blockchain Technology - Historique (+)

Définition graphique

Carte conceptuelle sur la Blockchain

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Concepts ou notions associés

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Blockchain Technology / Bitcoin Mechanics / Ethereum / PoW vs PoS consensus / consensus models / Enterprise Blockchain / Blockchain Scaling / Stablecoins /

Blockchain Technology - Glossaire / (+)

Exemples, applications, utilisations

Benefits and Challenges • Performance • Scalability • Redundancy (for fault-tolerance) • How to ensure consistency among nodes of a distributed system? • Even if some aren’t reliable nor honest? • Trust without trust? • Requires a way to reach “consensus” Example: Database Systems • For a centralized database system, one central entity handles all requests and data processing • Data updates simple and quick • Cheaper to manage and maintain • Performance bottleneck under high concurrent requests • Single point of failure Distributed Database System • A group of databases cooperating together to provide single data view to users • Fault-tolerant • Handle more concurrent load • Requires “trust” among nodes (• Not a problem if owned by a single enterprise, • For nodes not fully trusting each other, a “consensus” protocol is required to keep a consistent view of data) Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) • A type of distributed database system • Immutable, append-only database of transactions (for example, exchanges of assets or data) • Ledgers are replicated, synchronized and shared across all nodes in the distributed, peer-to-peer network • Nodes reach consensus on transaction updates to its own copy of ledger, thus maintaining consistent ledger state • Via consensus protocol, this is achievable without central authority or trusted 3rd party mediator (+)

Erreurs ou confusions éventuelles

• Confusion entre blockchain - bitcoin
• Confusion entre public key - private key
• Confusion entre Cryptographic hash - cryptography
• Erreur fréquente: blockchain is a database

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Questions possibles

• How to ensure consistency among nodes of a distributed system?
• How to achieve consensus among blockchain network participants in order to maintain ledger correctness and authenticity?
• Blockchain = Bitcoin?
• What is Ethereum?
• What is Cryptoeconomics?

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Liaisons enseignements et programmes

Idées ou Réflexions liées à son enseignement

• Overview of everything

• Centralized and distributed systems
• Bitcoin: a distributed ledger of payments in crypto-currency

• Identity
• Transaction
• Distributed Ledger in Bitcoin Network
• Trustless Consensus

• Blockchain 2.0 : Beyond cryptocurrencies

• Adapting blockchain technologies for the real world
• Enterprise blockchain platforms
• Selected applications
• Limitations

• Bitcoin Mechanics

• BTC: Notable history
• BTC: Identity
• BTC: Distributed Ledger - Blockchain
• BTC transactions
• BTC wallets
• Mining mechanism and incentives, mining pool strategies
• Possible attacks on the Bitcoin network
• Try sending/receiving (fake) BTC on the testnet

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Aides et astuces

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Education: Autres liens, sites ou portails

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Bibliographie

Pour citer cette page: (Technology)

ABROUGUI, M & al, 2022. Blockchain Technology. In Didaquest [en ligne]. <http:www.didaquest.org/wiki/Blockchain_Technology>, consulté le 19, avril, 2024

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